Contaminated groundwater is pumped to the surface and treated to remove contaminants before being discharged or reinjected.

Pump and treat (P&T) is a well-established groundwater remediation technology in which contaminated groundwater is pumped to the surface using a series of extraction wells where it is subsequently treated to remove any contaminants, and then either reinjected into the groundwater aquifer or discharged into a nearby watercourse or sewer system. Treatment technologies utilised often include air stripping and liquid phase granular activated carbon.

Pump and treat remediation works most successfully following source removal of the pollutant. Buried waste or a fuel storage tank must be treated and removed and disposed of properly. P&T remediation is typically used in conjunction with air sparging, SVE or oxidation technologies to achieve the remediation criteria.
A major component of any P&T groundwater treatment is a comprehensive monitoring programme to verify the effectiveness of the works and allow for any amendments to be undertaken as necessary.

Before work can begin, it is often necessary to clear the site of any existing structures, vegetation, and waste.